C++ Annotations Contents

Chapter 1: Overview of the chapters
Chapter 2: Introduction 2.1: What's new in the C++ Annotations 2.2: The history of C++ 2.2.1: History of the C++ Annotations 2.2.2: Compiling a C program by a C++ compiler 2.2.3: Compiling a C++ program 2.2.3.1: C++ under MS-Windows 2.2.3.2: Compiling a C++ source text 2.3: Advantages and pretensions of C++ 2.4: What is Object-Oriented Programming? 2.5: Differences between C and C++ 2.5.1: Namespaces 2.5.2: End-of-line comment 2.5.3: NULL-pointers vs. 0-pointers 2.5.4: Strict type checking 2.5.5: A new syntax for casts 2.5.5.1: The `static_cast'-operator 2.5.5.2: The `const_cast'-operator 2.5.5.3: The `reinterpret_cast'-operator 2.5.5.4: The `dynamic_cast'-operator 2.5.6: The `void' parameter list 2.5.7: The `#define __cplusplus' 2.5.8: The usage of standard C functions 2.5.9: Header files for both C and C++ 2.5.10: The definition of local variables 2.5.11: Function Overloading 2.5.12: Default function arguments 2.5.13: The keyword `typedef' 2.5.14: Functions as part of a struct
Chapter 3: A first impression of C++ 3.1: More extensions to C in C++ 3.1.1: The scope resolution operator :: 3.1.2: `cout', `cin' and `cerr' 3.1.3: The keyword `const' 3.1.4: References 3.2: Functions as part of structs 3.3: Several new data types 3.3.1: The `bool' data type 3.3.2: The `wchar_t' data type 3.4: Data hiding: public, private and class 3.5: Structs in C vs. structs in C++ 3.6: Namespaces 3.6.1: Defining namespaces 3.6.1.1: Declaring entities in namespaces 3.6.1.2: A closed namespace 3.6.2: Referring to entities 3.6.2.1: The `using' directive 3.6.2.2: `Koenig lookup' 3.6.3: The standard namespace 3.6.4: Nesting namespaces and namespace aliasing 3.6.4.1: Defining entities outside of their namespaces
Chapter 4: The `string' data type 4.1: Operations on strings 4.2: Overview of operations on strings 4.2.1: The string initializers 4.2.2: The string iterators 4.2.3: The string operators 4.2.4: The string member functions
Chapter 5: The IO-stream Library 5.1: Iostream header files 5.2: The foundation: the class `ios_base' 5.3: Interfacing `streambuf' objects: the class `ios' 5.3.1: Condition states 5.3.2: Formatting output and input 5.3.2.1: Formatting flags 5.3.2.2: Format modifying member functions 5.4: Output 5.4.1: Basic output: the class `ostream' 5.4.1.1: Writing to `ostream' objects 5.4.1.2: `ostream' positioning 5.4.1.3: `ostream' flushing 5.4.2: Output to files: the class `ofstream' 5.4.2.1: Modes for opening stream objects 5.4.3: Output to memory: the class `ostringstream' 5.5: Input 5.5.1: Basic input: the class `istream' 5.5.1.1: Reading from `istream' objects 5.5.1.2: `istream' positioning 5.5.2: Input from streams: the class `ifstream' 5.5.3: Input from memory: the class `istringstream' 5.6: Manipulators 5.7: The `streambuf' class 5.7.1: Protected `streambuf' members 5.7.2: The class `filebuf' 5.8: Advanced topics 5.8.1: Copying streams 5.8.2: Coupling streams 5.8.3: Redirection using streams 5.8.4: Reading AND Writing to a stream
Chapter 6: Classes 6.1: The constructor 6.1.1: A first application 6.1.2: Constructors: with and without arguments 6.1.2.1: The order of construction 6.2: Const member functions and const objects 6.3: The keyword `inline' 6.3.1: Inline functions within class declarations 6.3.2: Inline functions outside of class declarations 6.3.3: When to use inline functions 6.4: Objects in objects: composition 6.4.1: Composition and const objects: const member initializers 6.4.2: Composition and reference objects: reference member initializers 6.5: Header file organization with classes 6.5.1: Using namespaces in header files
Chapter 7: Classes and memory allocation 7.1: The operators `new' and `delete' 7.1.1: Allocating arrays 7.1.2: Deleting arrays 7.1.3: Enlarging arrays 7.2: The destructor 7.2.1: New and delete and object pointers 7.2.2: The function set_new_handler() 7.3: The assignment operator 7.3.1: Overloading the assignment operator 7.3.1.1: The function 'operator=()' 7.4: The this pointer 7.4.1: Preventing self-destruction with this 7.4.2: Associativity of operators and this 7.5: The copy constructor: Initialization vs. Assignment 7.5.1: Similarities between the copy constructor and operator=() 7.5.2: Preventing the use of certain member functions 7.6: Conclusion
Chapter 8: Exceptions 8.1: Using exceptions: syntax elements 8.2: An example using exceptions 8.2.1: No exceptions: `setjmp()' and `longjmp()' 8.2.2: Exceptions: the preferred alternative 8.3: Throwing exceptions 8.3.1: The empty `throw' statement 8.4: The try block 8.5: Catching exceptions 8.5.1: The default catcher 8.6: Declaring exception throwers 8.7: Iostreams and exceptions
Chapter 9: More Operator Overloading 9.1: Overloading `operator[]()' 9.2: overloading the insertion and extraction operators 9.3: Conversion operators 9.4: The `explicit' keyword 9.5: Overloading increment and decrement 9.6: Overloading `operator new(size_t)' 9.7: Overloading `operator delete(void *)' 9.8: Operators `new[]' and `delete[]' 9.9: Function Objects 9.9.1: Constructing manipulators 9.9.1.1: Manipulators requiring arguments 9.10: Overloadable Operators
Chapter 10: Static data and functions 10.1: Static data 10.1.1: Private static data 10.1.2: Public static data 10.2: Static member functions
Chapter 11: Friends 11.1: Friend-functions 11.2: Inline friends
Chapter 12: Abstract Containers 12.1: The `pair' container 12.2: Sequential Containers 12.2.1: The `vector' container 12.2.2: The `list' container 12.2.3: The `queue' container 12.2.4: The `priority_queue' container 12.2.5: The `deque' container 12.2.6: The `map' container 12.2.7: The `multimap' container 12.2.8: The `set' container 12.2.9: The `multiset' container 12.2.10: The `stack' container 12.2.11: The `hash_map' and other hashing-based containers 12.3: The `complex' container
Chapter 13: Inheritance 13.1: Related types 13.2: The constructor of a derived class 13.3: The destructor of a derived class 13.4: Redefining member functions 13.5: Multiple inheritance 13.6: Conversions between base classes and derived classes 13.6.1: Conversions in object assignments 13.6.2: Conversions in pointer assignments
Chapter 14: Polymorphism 14.1: Virtual functions 14.2: Virtual destructors 14.3: Pure virtual functions 14.4: Virtual functions in multiple inheritance 14.4.1: Ambiguity in multiple inheritance 14.4.2: Virtual base classes 14.4.3: When virtual derivation is not appropriate 14.5: Run-Time Type identification 14.5.1: The dynamic_cast operator 14.5.2: The typeid operator 14.6: Deriving classes from `streambuf' 14.7: A polymorphic exception class 14.8: How polymorphism is implemented
Chapter 15: Classes having pointers to members 15.1: Pointers to members: an example 15.2: Defining pointers to members 15.3: Using pointers to members 15.4: Pointers to static members
Chapter 16: Nested Classes 16.1: Defining nested class members 16.2: Declaring nested classes 16.3: Accessing private members in nested classes 16.4: Nesting enumerations 16.4.1: Empty enumerations
Chapter 17: The Standard Template Library, generic algorithms 17.1: Predefined function objects 17.1.1: Arithmetic Function Objects 17.1.2: Relational Function Objects 17.1.3: Logical Function Objects 17.1.4: Function Adaptors 17.2: Iterators 17.2.1: Insert iterators 17.2.2: istream iterators 17.2.2.1: istreambuf iterators 17.2.3: ostream iterators 17.2.3.1: ostreambuf iterators 17.3: The 'auto_ptr' class 17.3.1: Defining auto_ptr variables 17.3.2: Pointing to a newly allocated object 17.3.3: Pointing to another auto_ptr 17.3.4: Creating a plain auto_ptr 17.3.5: Auto_ptr: operators and members 17.4: The Generic Algorithms 17.4.1: accumulate() 17.4.2: adjacent_difference() 17.4.3: adjacent_find() 17.4.4: binary_search() 17.4.5: copy() 17.4.6: copy_backward() 17.4.7: count() 17.4.8: count_if() 17.4.9: equal() 17.4.10: equal_range() 17.4.11: fill() 17.4.12: fill_n() 17.4.13: find() 17.4.14: find_if() 17.4.15: find_end() 17.4.16: find_first_of() 17.4.17: for_each() 17.4.18: generate() 17.4.19: generate_n() 17.4.20: includes() 17.4.21: inner_product() 17.4.22: inplace_merge() 17.4.23: iter_swap() 17.4.24: lexicographical_compare() 17.4.25: lower_bound() 17.4.26: max() 17.4.27: max_element() 17.4.28: merge() 17.4.29: min() 17.4.30: min_element() 17.4.31: mismatch() 17.4.32: next_permutation() 17.4.33: nth_element() 17.4.34: partial_sort() 17.4.35: partial_sort_copy() 17.4.36: partial_sum() 17.4.37: partition() 17.4.38: prev_permutation() 17.4.39: random_shuffle() 17.4.40: remove() 17.4.41: remove_copy() 17.4.42: remove_if() 17.4.43: remove_copy_if() 17.4.44: replace() 17.4.45: replace_copy() 17.4.46: replace_if() 17.4.47: replace_copy_if() 17.4.48: reverse() 17.4.49: reverse_copy() 17.4.50: rotate() 17.4.51: rotate_copy() 17.4.52: search() 17.4.53: search_n() 17.4.54: set_difference() 17.4.55: set_intersection() 17.4.56: set_symmetric_difference() 17.4.57: set_union() 17.4.58: sort() 17.4.59: stable_partition() 17.4.60: stable_sort() 17.4.61: swap() 17.4.62: swap_ranges() 17.4.63: transform() 17.4.64: unique() 17.4.65: unique_copy() 17.4.66: upper_bound() 17.4.67: Heap algorithms 17.4.67.1: make_heap() 17.4.67.2: pop_heap() 17.4.67.3: push_heap() 17.4.67.4: sort_heap() 17.4.67.5: An example using the heap algorithms
Chapter 18: Templates 18.1: Template functions 18.1.1: Template function definitions 18.1.2: Instantiations of template functions 18.1.2.1: Declaring template functions 18.1.3: Argument deduction 18.1.3.1: Lvalue transformations 18.1.3.2: Qualification conversions 18.1.3.3: Conversion to a base class 18.1.3.4: Summary: the template argument deduction algorithm 18.1.4: Explicit arguments 18.1.4.1: Template explicit instantiation declarations 18.1.5: Template explicit specialization 18.1.6: Overloading template functions 18.1.7: Selecting an overloaded (template) function 18.1.8: Name resolution within template functions 18.2: Template classes 18.2.1: Template class definitions 18.2.2: Template class instantiations 18.2.3: Non-type parameters 18.2.4: Template class member functions 18.2.5: Template classes and friend declarations 18.2.5.1: Non-template friends 18.2.5.2: Bound friends 18.2.5.3: Unbound friends 18.2.6: Template classes and static data 18.2.7: Derived Template Classes 18.2.8: Nesting and template classes 18.2.9: Member templates 18.2.10: Template class specializations 18.2.11: Template class partial specializations 18.2.12: Name resolution within template classes 18.3: Constructing iterators
Chapter 19: Concrete examples of C++ 19.1: `streambuf' classes using file descriptors 19.1.1: A class for output operations 19.1.2: Classes for input operations 19.1.2.1: Using a buffer of one character 19.1.2.2: Using an n-character buffer 19.1.2.3: Seeking positions in `streambuf' objects 19.1.2.4: Multiple `unget()' calls in `streambuf' objects 19.2: Using form() with ostream objects 19.3: Redirection revisited 19.4: The fork() system call 19.4.1: The `Fork' class 19.4.2: The `Daemon' class 19.4.3: The `IFork' class 19.4.4: The `OFork' class 19.4.5: The `IOFork' class 19.5: Function objects performing bitwise operations 19.6: Implementing a reverse_iterator 19.7: Using Bison and Flex 19.7.1: Using Flex++ to create a scanner 19.7.1.1: The flex++ specification file 19.7.1.2: The derived class: Scanner 19.7.1.3: The main() function 19.7.1.4: Building the scanner-program 19.7.2: Using both bison++ and flex++ 19.7.2.1: The bison++ specification file 19.7.2.2: The bison++ token section 19.7.2.3: The bison++ grammar rules 19.7.2.4: The flex++ specification file 19.7.2.5: The generation of the code